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General Knowledge of Batteries
Car Battery Structure

General Knowledge of Batteries

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who wish to know more about batteries.

Car Battery Structure

Battery Structure

  • 1
    GRID
  • 2
    PLATE
  • 3
    ENV.SEPARATOR
  • 4
    STRAP
  • 5
    ELEMENT
  • 6
    CONTAINER-B.P
  • 7
    FINAL COVER
  • 8
    MAIN COVER
  • 9
    INDICATOR
  • 10
    TERMINAL
  • GRID
    A lead alloy board that supports active material
    and conducts generated electricity.
  • Active Material
    A material that reacts with sulfuric acid to charge
    and discharge
  • Positive Plate
    When active material is applied on the positive grid
  • Negative Plate
    When active material is applied on the negative grid
  • Electroseparator
    Placed between the positive and negative plates to prevent
    short-circuits due to direct contact.
    In particular, the envelope electroseparators wrap the
    negativeplates to prevent short-circuits with the positive
    plates due to the active material
  • Pole Plate Group
    A group of pole plates welded to the strap, stacked
    in order of a positive pole plate, separator, and negative
    pole plate.
    • The electromotive force per cell is 2V. Voltage is kept steady
      regardless of the size or number of pole plates.
    • The 12V battery used for cars has 6 pole plate groups connected
      in a series in the container.
  • Electrolyte
    The electrolyte causes the positive and negative
    pole plates to react and generate electricity, and also acts as
    an electrical conductor.
  • Container
    A container which is usually made of plastic contains
    an electrolyte and the pole plate group.
    • It is separated internally by walls (12V →6 divisions / 6V →3 divisions)
      and the bottom of the container is attached with
      an inner layer.

Other Parts

  • Main Cover
    A part that covers the top of the container
    to prevent electrolyte in the battery from leaking.
    The main cover has filling holes to fill electrolyte,
    and return holes to release gas and steam.
  • Final Cover
    A part that spreads over the top of the main cover
    The gas and steam emitted through the return hole are separated
    through a labyrinth structure. The sulfuric acid steam is returned
    to the battery, and gases (hydrogen, oxygen) are released through
    the vent hole.
  • Flame Arrester
    Equipment installed on the inside of the final cover
    for anti-explosive functions.
    The released gases (hydrogen, oxygen) are flammable. Before they are
    released through the vent hole, the flame arrester, made of a dense
    bubble structure, decreases the cross-section areas to prevent the
    explosion.
  • Indicator
    Equipment installed on the top area of the main cover to show
    the status of the battery
    • Green : Normal, charged 50% or higher
    • Black : Charging required, charged 50% or lower
    • White : End of life (B/T replacement)